Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey [4] (about the sound of the Republic of Turkey (help · info)), the capital city of Ankara and the so-called Old World lands in Europe, Asia and Africa too close to each other at the point in the country. Country is a part of the territory of the Anatolian peninsula, a part of the extension of the Balkan Peninsula is located in the Thrace. The country's three, as the Mediterranean, Black Sea and linking the two seas and the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea and is surrounded by the Straits. Neighbours Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan (the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic), with Iran, Iraq and Syria.
Turkey, one of seven independent Turkish states. According to the number of people the dominant religion is Islam. [5] The country's official language is Turkish. But 18% of the population [6] by the Kurds, and Zaza, Kurdish and Zaza language most often use.
Turkey, the Ottoman Empire I. At the end of World War II after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire was established instead of the only independent state in the successor states [7] [8] of the state on the territory of the Turkish population has the majority of the people under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk founded with great struggle. Some historians, such as Arnold Joseph Toynbee, Turkey's (the main successor to one side to be) argue that the only successor state to count. [9] on 29 October 1923 Turkey Grand National Assembly proclaimed the republic, the will of the founding owner of the state of the Republic of Turkey. [Citation needed]
Turkey, among them the United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the European Council, the Organization of Islamic Conference, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the World Trade Organization, the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization, the Economic Cooperation Organization has established a member of several international organizations. [10]. 3 October 2005 from the date of the European Union began negotiations for full membership. [11] Turkey, according to economists, political scientists and a regional power. [12] [13] Topics [Hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
3 Political life
Transition to multiparty 3.1
3.2 Management style
4 Foreign policy
4.1 Period of Atatürk's foreign policies
4.1.1 Turkey and the League of Nations
4.1.2 Sadabad Pact
4.1.3 Balkan Entente
4.2 After Ataturk's foreign policy
4.2.1 United Nations, NATO and the EU
4.2.2 Turkey and the European Union
4.2.3 Operation in Cyprus
5 Army
6 Turkish Nation
7 Demographics
10 7.1 Turkey's most crowded province
7.2 Rates of population age
7.3 Faith
7.4 Language
8 Administrative structure
8.1 5 Turkey's Largest Province
9 Geography
9.1 Area
9.2 Geographical regions
9.3 Elevations
9.4 Plains
9.5 Rivers - Lakes
9.6 earthquake zone
10 Climate
11 Fauna of Turkey
12 Flora of Turkey
13 Economics
14 Education
15 Culture
15.1 Philosophy
15.2 Literature
3.15 Folklore
15.4 Kitchen
15.5 Press - publication
15.6 Cinema
15.7 Music
15.8 Sports
15.8.1 Weightlifting
15.8.2 Wrestling
15.8.3 Football
15.8.4 Basketball
16 holidays and festivals
16.1 Official holidays
16.2 Religious Holidays
17 Transportation and transport
18 References
19 References
20 External links
Etymology [edit]
An article by the historian Ilber Ortayli Genoese and Venetian merchants and diplomats, 12 century, Turkey, Turchia, and define their Specifies Turmenia. [14] In addition, Turkey 1190'da name for the first time in a written source, passes vak'ayinamesinde Crusade. [citation] Abdülhaluk Tea too far behind the definition of the leads and Turchia Turchia 6 for the first time the phrase Specifies century Byzantine sources had discovered and said "This is the 9th and 10th centuries, so-called Volga / Middle Europe stretching from the Volga River area was used for. Khanates this use in the Caucasus region for Caspian Eastern Turkey is founded by Arpad dynasty Turkey and the West is in the form of the Hungarian State and the same phrase is used to Anatolia from the 12th century indicates. History 13-14. centuries, the Mamluks of Egypt used the name of Turkey: "ed-state ÜT Turkiya" (1250-1387). in Turkish is the Turkish word meaning and Iye (of) the words of the merger with the word Turkey.
Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, Turkey used name; State-i Aliye, the State-i Osmaniye, Memalik-i wonderful, Real-i used the Greek names. But the outside world, instead of using the name of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey have used the name. From that time, the maps drawn in foreign languages, this situation is clear. Then, instead of Osmaniye Turkestan between the Young Turks, Turkeli, suggested names such as Turkili also called Turkestan in Central Asia is in a state that benimsenmedi. Constitution (1921) "Turkey" [15] The name was written, and in 1923 Turkey was accepted as the official name of the state.
29 October 1923 1 November 1928 until the name of the Republic of Turkey Ottoman Turkish توركيه جمهوريت in the form of writing. No. 1353 on 1 November 1928 "Law on the Acceptance and Application of the new Turkish Alphabet," written with the adoption of today has become. . History [edit]
Main article: The political history of the Republic of Turkey and Turkey 's history
Republic of Turkey, Ataturk and his arms by his friends, to win the War of Independence, I. States in the war-winning World War II defeat and shared out the remaining territories of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia and Thrace is founded on. War of Independence, the National Pact limits [16] to protect the integrity of the country, based on national sovereignty, to establish a fully independent state, a new Turkish Grand National Assembly tarfından managed a multi-front war.
War of Independence against the enemy puts the country's resistance forces, the national organization and powers of the Ottoman army and the militia and volunteers of the War of Independence in the National Forces.
National Forces, the country's four to a side of the Greek, British, French, Italian troops seized, with Armistice Armistice countries insisted to severe conditions, whether the Ottoman army weapons deployed, everything is thought over the days, a nation born in response to public resistance,.
June 12, 1919 Havza Amasya, Mustafa Kemal Pasha came here with published papers clearly identifying ways the country has fallen into the situation, emphasizing the solution passes through the merger of all forces. Amasya, Mustafa Kemal founded in Anatolia and Rumelia Defence of Rights Dernekleri'ni merge, all the nation's absolute discretion, by conventions in order to establish a new management team has prepared Tamimi'ni Amasya. [17]
This is based on the new encyclical of national sovereignty is the first step towards the establishment of the Turkish state. Rationalize the nation and control methods become evident. National sovereignty and national independence, the idea was put forward for the first time.
Istanbul and the military was leaving his post on July 8 notice to all relations with the Ottoman Government which ended the next day Mustafa Kemal was elected president of Defence of Rights Association branch in Erzurum. 23 July 1919, chaired by Mustafa Kemal Erzurum Congress [18] with the decision; "National boundaries in the country is a whole, indivisible" The first members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
The second major step in creating the national resistance and September 4 to 11 of the Sivas Congress in 1919 [19] Mustafa Kemal in Anatolia and Rumelia Defence of Rights Society was chosen as president of the National Independence War, has become a competent leader.
27 December 1919, came to Ankara of Mustafa Kemal chose Ankara as the center of the resistance movement in Anatolia.
Three days after the occupation of Istanbul, Ataturk's famous declaration dated 19 March 1920 by publishing, with extraordinary powers to convene a parliament in Ankara, Ankara, disposed of the basics of reporting provided the foundation of the Republic of Turkey.
Ataturk was published on April 21 with a second report, the Assembly announced on April 23 to collect and how to do the opening ceremony. [20]
Parliament, the second meeting on 24 April 1920 Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk), elected president. Mustafa Kemal established his leadership of the President of Parliament elected president of days continued until the October 29, 1923. Political life [change]
Main article: The political history of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's reforms and
9 September 1923, which was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's Republican People's Party (CHP), the first political party of the Republic of Turkey. [21] [22] is located in the center wing Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Originally called "The People's Party" the party congress in 1924 changed the name of the Republican People's Party. Set by Ataturk in 1927, "Republicanism," "populism," "nationalism", and "secular" principles to the statute. The decision of the previous party congress in 1935 on four principles of Ataturk "statism" and '"reformism" in the principles of the party's name was added to six principles, "the Republican People's Party" was.
One-party rule in Turkey, within the framework of current understanding and definition of a democracy is not very clear.
Eastern and Central Europe were under pressure from the left and right dictators. Hitler's Germany, Mussolini's Italy, Franco's fascist governments in Spain had. France, Belgium and Switzerland, women are deprived of political rights were to be in one of the most basic human rights. In other words, half the population of women who did not have freedom to vote and be elected.
II. Immediately after World War II, both the developments in international politics, the general nature of the regime and the new formations in the country has brought significant changes to the agenda. An understanding of the press and in parliament defending multi-party political system has occurred. The CHP leader and president, Ismet Inonu It also gave support to his speeches. [23] [24] Transition to multiparty [edit]
Main article: Multi-Party Period of Republic of Turkey
2 out of Turkish political life since 1946, the CHP As a multi-party elections began with the establishment of a party go.
Multi-party democracy in 1945, life began with the National Development Party was founded by Nuri Demirag. But the National Development Party, failed to achieve any success. In 1958, dissolved itself. Those who signed on January 7, 1946 Four Takrir'e Celal Bayar became leader of the party founded by the DP. DP, economics and politics, argued that the liberal regulations.
1950 General Elections in the Democratic Party was victorious. DP, led by Adnan Menderes initially very hot, in the late 1950s because of economic difficulties and the government's anti-democratic practices of the military coup in 1960 and entered a troubled period of life was interrupted with the multi-party system. [Citation needed] As a result of the pulse period and the period of President Celal Bayar Prime Minister Adnan Menderes was sentenced to death but as a result of pressures being translated, Celal Bayar müebbede penalty, Adnan Menderes, Hasan Polatkan, Fatin Rustu Zorlu were executed. Management style [change] Parliament
Main article: Turkish politics
Republican form of government of the Republic of Turkey, was established in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal. The official language is Turkish. Democratic, secular and social state of law is the understanding of management. There is separation of powers principle. The legislative affairs of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the executive affairs of the government, the judiciary is independent courts do their jobs. With the declaration of Turkey in 1923 president of the republic, the president has taken the title. Head of State President and Commander. In this capacity he represents the unity of the Republic of Turkey and the Turkish nation. Implementation of the Constitution, government bodies shall ensure the regular and harmonious functioning.
Turkey Grand National Assembly, the legislative body of the Republic of Turkey. People with elections held every 4 years by the parliamentarians, under the roof of the Parliament as the legislature determines to carry out the laws. 550 deputies elected to Parliament.
The executive head of the Republic of Turkey, the prime minister, chaired the Council of Ministers, the government manages and rendition. Consisting of a general election every 4 years in the Republic of Turkey, Prime Minister by Parliament, elected for a period of 4 years.
For more information: President, National Assembly and Prime Minister of Turkey
Republican People's Party (CHP), 9 September 1923, which was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Turkey's first political party. Ataturk's time, while following a line in the center, with the transition to multiparty system has shifted to the left of center. In 1927, "Republicanism," "populism," "nationalism", and "secular" principles to the statute. Party congress in 1935 than the previous four principles "statism" and '"reformism" in the principles of the party's name was added to six principles, "the Republican People's Party" was.
For more information: One-Party Period of Republic of Turkey and the Multi-Party Period of Republic of Turkey
Foreign policy [change] Wikinews-logo.svg Wikinews has news about this topic: Between Turkey and Syria visa application has been removed
The Ottoman Empire in the First Treaty of Lausanne States have signed on equal terms with the victors of World War II and the international area, continued to maintain its presence in the Republic of Turkey under the name. Atatürk's foreign policies in the period [change]
Ataturk, Peace, with the promise of peace in the world of international relations, the official policy of the Republic of Turkey stated that what will happen to the whole world. Peaceful, but the Turkish people of Ataturk's foreign policy was followed by a benefit organization for that period, the region has worked to provide axis formation. Gloat and Turkey are important for the country both economically and politically by providing countries in the region to collaborate in all areas outside of Western countries tried to practice aimed at breaking the effect. Turkey and the League of Nations [edit]
Turkey, became a member of the League of Nations were invited. After the Second World War, the United Nations, replacing the founding member of the League of Nations. Sadabad Pact [edit]
Mustafa Kemal's death a year ago (July 8, 1937) carried out with the Middle East and the Caucasus, Iran, Sadabad Pact with Iran, Turkey saw itself as the main interlocutor in regional cooperation and partnership treaty signing achieved Sadabad Pact. Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan and later joined the suggestion of the USSR. [25] Sadabad Pact II. Law remained in force after World War II, but was forgotten after Ataturk. Balkan Entente [edit]
The Third Balkan Conference in 1934 't resulting Entente, with a non-Balkan state is attacked by one of the parties and help the attacker in a Balkan state if the other parties in this Balkan war, with attacks against the gireceklerine also signed a protocol on the secret. After Atatürk's foreign policy [change] United Nations, NATO and the EU [Change] Turkey is a member of NATO since 1952
Main article: Chronology of Turkey and the European Union
United Nations, 51 countries, including the participation of Turkey was founded on October 24, 1945. 190, this number has gradually increased the number of countries participating in today. Turkey, the United Nations is one of the first member countries and the United Nations and Korea, Somalia, Bosnia, Palestine, and sent troops to Afghanistan. Finally decided to send troops to Lebanon.
Turkey, in October 2008, 151 countries from 192 countries taking the game was chosen as Member of the United Nations Security Council Provisional. Turkey; 2 years in this role, together with Western Europe representing Austria.
9 April 1949, established by the Treaty of Washington, is known to NATO as a collective defense organization. Founder of the treaty, especially the 3rd, 4th, and 5th important ingredients. These substances member countries to develop capabilities for joint defense of any member's territorial integrity, political independence and security is at stake to come together and attacked any of this attack as an attack against all, has been committed to accept. [26]
The relationship between Turkey and the European Union is based on a period of more than 40 years. In the European Economic Community was established as a partnership applying for Turkey, standstill and difficulties from time to time advancing this relationship continued until the stage of negotiation. Turkey and the European Union [change]
Main article: Turkey-EU relations
Vote on full membership still continues between Turkey and the European Union
DP, 31 July 1959, EEC common council members to be admitted to the community. May 27, 1960 military intervention and the Menderes, Zorlu, the French president Charles De Gaulle Polatkan'ın executions, requested the freezing of Turkey's membership. Consultative meetings with the EC in September 1959 and October 1960 began. Was stopped because of the negotiations until the 1960 military coup. Turkey, took part in talks with the aim of the customs union. Discussions were held until 1963. 12 September 1963, the Ankara Agreement was signed, based on customs union and common members of the agreement was aimed at Turkey's full membership. 22 July 1970 the Additional Protocol was signed. Turkey's unilateral decision on December 25 1976 froze all its obligations. 21 September 1979, the two sides, relations froze for 5 years. Hayrettin Erkmen, 6 February 1980, the foreign minister, announced that Turkey will apply for full membership. However, the Sept. 12 military coup in 1980 than 6 years of frozen relations. Turkish parliamentarians reduced membership. Europe, Turkey, the calendar application, asked for the return to democracy. Was launched in 1986, relations again. Harmonization agreement signed in 1987. 18 December 1989, the EC Commission announced its opinion on Turkey's full membership application, stated that the community would not accept new members before 1992. 21 January 1992 between the two sides signed a technical cooperation program. Work program was signed in Ankara on 21 January 1992. 6 March 1995, the partnership council's decision to join the EU on the basis of Turkey's customs union is connected to the EP's approval process. Membership negotiations with Turkey began in 2003, but the conditions were the tip of openness and absorption capacity, 2005 frozen membership negotiations titles. Pope and France, Germany, the leaders of the founding members announced the impossibility of Turkey's entry into the EU. Operation in Cyprus [change]
Main article: Operation in Cyprus
Operation in Cyprus, the Turkish Armed Forces in the Republic of Turkey on 20 July 1974 III Guarantee Agreement. is the name of the operation carried out pursuant to the military.
In 1878 the Ottoman Empire against Russia in the lurch, Britain gave Cyprus as a temporary administration. I. World War, the United Kingdom, Cyprus confiscated. The independence movement began in the late 1950s and a Turkish-Greek Joint State was founded based on international agreements. But the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots receive their vested rights in Cyprus, they went all the way government confiscation. Thus, ran over international treaties and the Constitution. In 1963, President III.Makarios fessetiğini government unilaterally announced the establishment treaties. Thus, the Republic of Cyprus has taken the stage of history. But the goal was to annex the Turks from the island away from the Enosis'i the island to Greece. Turks and Turkish villages, many people have died as a result of the attacks and thousands of people had to immigrate.
15 July 1974 Yunaistan'da cunta'nın also lowered his seat Makarios coup and seized power, temporarily, Nikos Sampson, was brought to the presidency. Objective studies of the cause of Enosis guarantor of Turkey by using the right to intervene in the island was on July 20, 1974.
Kyrenia Turkish forces seized on July 22. Landed in the Turkish sector of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, Turkish Paragliders. As guarantors of the unity of the Turks to attack the island if the Greek troops, the fighting had spread throughout the island. July 22 evening, Turkey, the UN Security Council agreed to a cease-fire decision. Nikos Sampson, as a result of the intervention in Greece and Cyprus, the Turkish Government in the administration of the junta collapsed.
However, on August 8 II. Conference held in Geneva in the time of the Turks' gesture of good faith as "a little village near Limassol and Larnaca even though they are evacuated, the National Guard and EOKA-B, as they do not evacuate occupied areas in the hands of the free left no prisoners.
Turkey, the Greek Cypriot and Greek governments Resolving the agreement is not possible, starting on August 14 ended on August 16 three-day II. Peace Operation performed. Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit, hurriedly returned to the country, not to accept a ceasefire if the government's wing of the National Salvation Party bozulacağını said. Erbakan's plan was not passed to life with this cease-fire. Operations on the one hand as a result of Famagusta on the other hand Lefke reaching the limits of the Turkish side were drawn. Two harekatta total 498 Turkish soldiers, 70 of Cypriot Turks in Cyprus were killed and 270 Mujahid. Army [change] Turkish Air Force Turkish Naval Forces Turkish Land Forces Gendarme
Main article: Turkish Armed Forces
Date of establishment of the Turkish army, Mete Khan, BC 209'da regular army as a date is passed. Long story begins in Central Asia, caused by large migrations extended over all the major continents. In the east, the Hun, Uigur Gokturk and states in the west, another Turkish state founded by Turks of the Oghuz origin, in 1040 the Seljuk Empire, the Turks was introduced to the world.
514,350 The number of active personnel of the Turkish Armed Forces is [27]. Related to the task according to the law "in the 2000s, the new security challenges and to react appropriately to problems, be prepared to uncertainty, ensure the security of the country against internal and external threats and risks For
Deterrence,
Security / Operational Environment Shaping,
Operations other than war (Peace Support Operation, Natural Disaster Relief Operation and Internal Security Operation),
Crisis Management
Limited Power Usage,
Conventional war to pursue such activities "
respectively. The establishment of a multi-purpose units to perform these tasks, rather than the numerical excess of the establishment of technological superiority, and made weapons and technological research to increase the effectiveness of mechanisms of early warning, electronic warfare, additional tasks, such as the establishment of air superiority in Europe after Russia's army yapmaktadır.Türk 2, the most powerful army in the world as the country with 4 sıradadır.NATO in America after the union the power to change our 2 country. [28]
Turkish Armed Forces;
Kelly,
Sea,
Air,
Gendarmerie and
Coast Guard
Commands occurs.
Turkey, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey in 20 years of age without any health problems, young soldiers are taken from the Turks. If the school continues to the age of 20 when his military erteletir time. At least 4 years of high school graduates according to the military requirements and the selection of the candidate's military service as a Reserve Officer or make short-term. Every Turkish military within the Turkish Armed Forces will perform in five main ways;
Short period of 6 months,
Reserve officer for 12 months,
15 months sooner and non-commissioned officer, (Erbas and other obliged parties were referred to the status of the service period. [29])
Foreign currency, military service, 'is.
The Turkish Nation [edit]
Main article: ethnic groups living in Turkey
The most famous streets in Istiklal Street in Istanbul, June 2007
Ataturk, the Turkish Nation
"Turkey Republic of Turkey established the Turkish nation is called Halkı'na" he explains.
Foundations of the Turkish people of today, 20 century, the Ottoman Empire declined and lost their self-definition has emerged land. At the end of the Balkan Wars in 1912-13 lost consciousness from the Balkans to Anatolia Turkish göçenlerle development, is the first case the formation of the Turkish nation. Battle of Gallipoli in 1915 with the characteristics of the Turkish nation has emerged today. Gallipoli War, the second phenomenon that summarizes what the Turkish people. After the acquisition of Canakkale War of Independence, "the Turkish nation" to identify the third phenomenon. [Citation needed]
American Turcologist V. Carter Findley, in his book The Turks in World History, today's Anatolian Turks, the Central Asian steppes, a bus journey began and ended in Ankara associate. The bus stopped in Ankara and the intermediate stops at the bus stop until the break a lot or some of the passengers have landed some new passengers boarded. This stops many Turks entered the cultural interaction, but the most important heritage recognized the new religions have been able to protect the Turkish language. Turkish, Anatolian Turks and the basic factors anlamlandırılmasında is one of the nation. The second bus stopped at the bus stop though many brought civilization in Central Asia, established a solid cultural background and heritage, has been the basis to protect their identity.
Basic building block of the Turkish race "in Central Asian Turkish culture" creates. In addition, due to the civilizations of Anatolia, the Turkish Nation of Islam brought civilization has its place within.
Turkish nationalism, nationalist movements in the developing world is one of late. From 1910 to strengthen the effect of decomposition of Turkish nationalism in the Balkans began. Turkish literature, theater and other art works, according to the Western world is less than the ultra-nationalist sentiments. Demography [edit]
For more information: Population by number of provinces in Turkey
10 Province of Turkey's most crowded [edit]
2010 Census
Istanbul - 13,255,685
Ankara - 4,771,716
İzmir - 3,948,848
Bursa - 2,605,495
Adana - 2,030,112
Konya - 2,013,845
Antalya - 1,978,333
Gaziantep - 1,700,763
Şanlıurfa - 1,663,371
Mersin - 1,647,899
Turkey's population growth between 1927-2010 Turkey Demography Year Population Annual growth (%) 1927 13.648.987 - 1935 16.158.567 2.29 1940 17.821.543 2.05 1945 18.790.987 1.08 1950 20.947.155 2.29 1955 24.065.543 2.97 1960 27.755.532 3.06 1965 31.391.651 2.62 1970 35.605.653 2.68 1975 40.348.789 2.66 1980 44.737.321 2.17 1985 50.664.654 2.64 1990 56.473.653 2.29 2000 67.804.543 2.00 2010 73.722.988 0.87 [30] Rates of population age [change] (2010 census) 0-4 6178723 Male Female 5 to 9 6131118
10-14 6.568.741
15-19 6.277.307
20-24 6.267.787
25-29 6.437.922
30-34 6.209.967
35-39 5.566.117
40-44 4.594.723
45-49 4.700.291
50-54 3.706.289
55-59 3.264.313
60-64 2.491.954
65-69 1.807.292
70-74 1.420.784
75-79 1.118.047
80-84 664.301
85-89 244.362
90 + 72.950
Faith [edit]
For more information: Department of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Turkey
Sultan Ahmet Mosque
T.C. The majority of citizens are Muslim. Mezhebindendir majority Sunni Muslim citizens, most of the Sunnis Hanefi'dir. After the Sunni sect in Turkey, Alevi belief that the majority of secondary cover. Alevis in Turkey, a large part of Sivas, Tokat, Erzincan, Malatya and Tunceli origin. [31] [32] Apart from that, including the citizens of other sects, such as Shafi and Jaafari is also available.
A very small percentage of the total population of Turkey's total population, 0.2% less than non-Muslim minority status is defined as the Christians and Jews throughout history, and creates. These are 50,000 Armenian Gregorian [33], 25,114 Jews, 17,194 Syriac (There are no minority status), 2,270 Greek Orthodox, and about 5,628 other people of various religions and denominations (Catholic, Orthodox Arab, Chaldean, etc.). [34] a population of atheists and unbelievers rates is around 2.5%. [34]
Turkey is a secular country. Religious or ethnic features the establishment of a political party is unconstitutional. Outside of state control of religion in the early years of the Republic yürütülemeyeceği reaching the conclusion that the state should be decided by the inspection. On this basis, an organization affiliated to the Prime Ministry on March 3, 1924 as the Directorate of Religious Affairs was established.
Religious belief or disbelief, practice or apply the freedom of religious conduct as a person the protection of the Constitution. Geçerlilikten religious laws in force before 1923 has been removed completely.
The element of belonging to an official of the Ottoman Empire 'Muslim' concept is not used since 1923. This belonging (ownership), rather than national belonging (ownership) of the 'Turks' was the concept.
Greek Orthodox in Turkey, a large part of non-Muslim population, migrated to Greece in accordance with the Treaty of Lausanne. Muslims living in Western Thrace and Istanbul, Imbros and Tenedos were excluded from the Greeks living in the exchange. Living in the Balkans and the Caucasus, the Slavic Muslim populations - Turkey, driven by the forces of Orthodox or were forced to flee to Turkey. Language [Change] Turkish
Ankara Kirklareli Edirne Tekirdag Canakkale Balikesir Bursa Yalova Istanbul Ontario London Duzce Zonguldak Bolu Bilecik Eskisehir Kutahya Manisa Izmir Enlightened Mugla Denizli Burdur Servant Opium Isparta Antalya Konya Myrtle Karaman Aksaray Kirsehir Kirikkale Çankırı Karabük Bartin Kastamonu Sinop Corum Yozgat Nevsehir Nigde London Hatay Osmanabad K. Kayseri Sivas Slap Amasya Samsun Army Giresun Erzincan Malatya Gaziantep Kilis Sanliurfa Adiyaman Gumushane Trabzon Rize Bayburt Erzurum Artvin Ardahan Kars Pain Igdir Tunceli Elazig Diyarbakir Mardin Batman Siirt Sirnak Bitlis Bingham Mus Van Hakkari
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